Specialities

Osteoporosis is a progressive bone disease characterized by decreased bone density and mass, leading to fragile bones and an increased risk of fractures. It often develops silently over the years and is commonly diagnosed after a fracture occurs, typically in the hip, spine, or wrist. Risk factors for osteoporosis include aging, gender (with women being more susceptible, particularly post-menopause due to decreased estrogen levels), family history, low body weight, and certain medical conditions and medications. Lifestyle factors such as inadequate calcium and vitamin D intake, physical inactivity, smoking, and excessive alcohol consumption also contribute to its development. Diagnosis is primarily made through bone mineral density (BMD) testing, using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. Management and prevention strategies focus on improving bone health through a balanced diet rich in calcium and vitamin D, regular weight-bearing exercise, and lifestyle modifications. In some cases, medications such as bisphosphonates, selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), or hormone replacement therapy may be prescribed to strengthen bones and reduce fracture risk. Early detection and proactive management are essential to mitigate the impact of osteoporosis on quality of life.